FEATURE which physical activity relates to brain heath in humans. More research is needed, but physical activity via micro-glia synaptic neuron connections, may be a modifiable behavior leveraged to reduce pro-inflammatory microglial states in humans. (34) The brain, specif-ically the hypothalamus, responds to exercise activity and modulates energy metabolism through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and cat-echolamine secretion into the circula-tion. This has an endocrine effect on muscle. (35) Exercise also affects the blood brain barrier –BBB by diminish-ing BBB permeability as it reinforces antioxidative capacity, reduces oxida-tive stress and has anti-inflammatory effects. (36) As an example, Omega-3 fatty acid is essential for neurological development and function, specifically the brain and eyes, and it is derived from dietary sources and is transported via the BBB and blood retina barrier. (37) In summary, there is scientific basis for the clinical application of aerobic physical exercise in the fight against brain disorders. (38) bodies need physical activity to age well. (44) Exercise is effective in the pri-mary prevention of 35 chronic diseases. (45) New research shows that exercise and diet can reverse epigenetic aging. (46) The body thrives on movement/ac-tivity/exercise – this is health. Put more movement/activity/exercise in your day. 1. 2. 23. Chu-Tan J, et al. Running to save sight: The effects of exercise on retinal health and function. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021 Nov 6. 24. Liu C, et al. The gut microbiome: implications for neurogenesis and neurological diseases. Neural Regen Res. 2022 Jan;17(1):53-58. 25. Petersen C, et al. Dysfunction of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodegenerative Disease: The Promise of Therapeutic Modulation With Prebiotics, Medicinal Herbs, Probiotics, and Synbiotics. J Evid Based Integr Med. Jan-Dec 2020;25:2515690X20957225. 26. 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(39) Regular exercise and the Mediterranean-type diet, alone or in combination, provide key interventions to both prevent and control the rise of non-communicable diseases (mainly cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and Type 2 diabetes) which are the main causes of death worldwide. (40) With aging, good nutrition along with the inclusion of micronutrients and macronutrients interact via the gut microbio-ta-gut-brain axis to impact brain func-tion in general and cognitive processes in particular. (41) Biological aging can be improved by lifelong exercise by decreasing DNA damage, keeping telomeres healthy and enhancing DNA methylation. (42) Dis-ease risks can be modulated with exer-cise by epigenetic rewiring of skeletal muscle enhancers, which control muscles healthy activity. (43) We evolved to be active throughout our lives, our 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Exercise benefits 19. 20. 21. 22. Sinclair DA, et al. The economic value of targeting aging. 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